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C Programming for Beginners

Start with how programs run, then write C for output, decisions, data, records, and memory.

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Course Overview

Small programs for a neighborhood repair workshop

First, find out what a program is and what happens between writing a source file and running it. We compare compiled and interpreted workflows before asking you to write much C. Then you will make signs for the repair desk, keep stock counts, check pickup codes, and record repairs. Each section gives you a small runnable example before asking you to try a different job yourself. A quiz closes the section.

The course draws on Stephen G. Kochan's Programming in C, fourth edition. Chapter 1 informs the opening section; Chapters 2–7 build the C basics; Chapters 8–10 lead into structures, strings, and pointers. Later sections draw on Chapters 11–13 and selected topics from Chapters 15–16: bitwise operations, the preprocessor, named types, input/output, unions, and allocated storage. The prose, programs, tasks, and diagrams are original. We put decisions before loops so you can read a condition before writing one, and give pointers their own section rather than burying them at the end of arrays.

On a machine with GCC, compile a complete example with gcc -std=c11 -Wall -Wextra main.c -o main, then run ./main. The site's C runner may also be available. Some input and file operations require a local terminal; the relevant lessons say so. Output checks can confirm what a program printed, but not every possible path it might take. Try the suggested alternate values, especially around branch boundaries and pointer validity.

Diagrams show parts you cannot see by looking at output alone: how source becomes an executable, which array slot an index selects, what occupies a string's final byte, and how two pointer expressions reach one object. Trace the diagram against its code before running the example.

Syllabus

  • What a program actually does
  • The computer and the operating system
  • From a C file to a running program
  • Compiled and interpreted programs
  • Demo: Trace One Tiny C Program
  • Exercise: Print the Opening Sign
  • ✦Module Quiz
  • Your First C Program
  • Variables and Formatted Output
  • Arithmetic and Integer Division
  • Demo: Formatting and Numeric Conversion
  • Exercise: Calculate a Shop Total
  • ✦Module Quiz
  • Demo: Declare and initialize variables
  • Exercise: Declare and initialize variables
  • Demo: Assign a new value
  • Exercise: Assign a new value
  • Demo: Choose int, double, and char
  • Exercise: Choose int, double, and char
  • Demo: Keep local names and constants clear
  • Exercise: Keep local names and constants clear
  • ✦Module Quiz
  • Demo: Match printf placeholders and arguments
  • Exercise: Match printf placeholders and arguments
  • Demo: Build lines with escapes and multiple calls
  • Exercise: Build lines with escapes and multiple calls
  • Demo: Print percent signs and aligned values
  • Exercise: Print percent signs and aligned values
  • Demo: Evaluate expressions before printing
  • Exercise: Evaluate expressions before printing
  • ✦Module Quiz
  • Comparisons and True or False
  • How if and else Choose a Path
  • Exercise: Choose a Ticket Message
  • Demo: Select a Fixed Choice with switch
  • Exercise: Choose a Service Desk
  • ✦Module Quiz
  • For Loops: Repeat a Known Number of Times
  • Exercise: Add Daily Contributions
  • While Loops: Repeat While a Condition Holds
  • Exercise: Make a Countdown
  • Demo: Run Once with do while
  • Demo: Label a Two-Row Shelf
  • Exercise: Label Tool Drawers
  • ✦Module Quiz
  • Define and Call a Function
  • Follow a Function Call and Its Return Value
  • Exercise: Return a Square
  • Demo: Declare Before a Function Call
  • Exercise: Declare and Convert
  • ✦Module Quiz
  • Arrays and Zero-Based Indexes
  • Exercise: Add Array Elements
  • Demo: Count Array Slots Safely
  • Exercise: Average Workshop Ratings
  • Demo: Rows and Columns in Memory
  • Exercise: Total a Two-Row Grid
  • ✦Module Quiz
  • C Strings and the Null Terminator
  • Exercise: Count a Label
  • Demo: Compare Complete Strings
  • Exercise: Verify a Pickup Code
  • Demo: Visit Each Character
  • Exercise: Count a Letter in a Label
  • ✦Module Quiz
  • Pointers: Addresses and Dereferencing
  • Exercise: Update Through a Pointer
  • Demo: Pass an Address to a Function
  • Exercise: Swap Two Counts
  • Demo: Array Addresses and Offsets
  • Exercise: Total with an In-Bounds Pointer
  • Demo: Null, Validity, and Lifetime
  • Exercise: Handle an Optional Pointer
  • ✦Module Quiz
  • Demo: Pass an Array and Its Length
  • Exercise: Total Readings in a Function
  • Demo: Change Array Elements Through a Parameter
  • Exercise: Update Each Stock Count
  • ✦Module Quiz
  • Define a Supply Record
  • Exercise: Define a Supply Record
  • Update a Record Member
  • Exercise: Update a Record Member
  • Walk an Array of Records
  • Exercise: Walk an Array of Records
  • Pass a Record to a Function
  • Exercise: Pass a Record to a Function
  • ✦Module Quiz
  • Demo: One Value in Shared Storage
  • Exercise: Record One Ticket Value
  • Demo: A Tag Tells You What Is Stored
  • Exercise: Read a Tagged Repair Ticket
  • Demo: Compare Union and Struct Storage
  • Exercise: Choose the Right Storage
  • ✦Module Quiz
  • Demo: Read Bits with AND
  • Exercise: Check an Equipment Flag
  • Demo: Turn a Flag On with OR
  • Exercise: Mark a Kit Ready
  • Demo: Toggle and Clear Individual Flags
  • Exercise: Toggle a Warning Flag
  • Demo: Move a Bit into Position
  • Exercise: Build a Position Mask
  • ✦Module Quiz
  • Include the Right Header
  • Exercise: Include the Right Header
  • Guard a Macro Default
  • Exercise: Guard a Macro Default
  • Demo: Include Code Only for Debug Builds
  • Exercise: Gate an Inventory Diagnostic
  • Demo: Parenthesize a Simple Macro
  • Exercise: Keep a Macro Calculation Grouped
  • ✦Module Quiz
  • Name a Status with enum
  • Exercise: Name a Status with enum
  • Alias a Record Type with typedef
  • Exercise: Alias a Record Type with typedef
  • ✦Module Quiz
  • Where the storage comes from
  • Demo: Request and Release an Array
  • Exercise: Store Three Repair Counts
  • Demo: Start Allocated Counters at Zero
  • Exercise: Start Station Counters at Zero
  • Allocate and Release Records
  • Exercise: Allocate and Release Records
  • ✦Module Quiz
  • Print a Formatted Label
  • Exercise: Print a Formatted Label
  • Print Characters with putchar
  • Exercise: Print Characters with putchar
  • Format into a Bounded Buffer
  • Exercise: Format into a Bounded Buffer
  • Write a Line to stdout with fputs
  • Exercise: Write a Line to stdout with fputs
  • Input and Diagnostics in a Local Terminal
  • ✦Module Quiz

At a glance

Level
Beginner
Duration
Interactive Lessons
Prerequisites
None